Optogenetics tools and techniques are having a great attention lately. Thanks to these techniques, the understanding as well as the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases become more promising. In this work, we present an overview of the optogenetics approach as a tool used in the modern pathology to treat the neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, the recent applications in modern pathology are presented as well as the wireless optogenetics techniques that ranges from infrared, high frequency, ultra high frequency and ultrasonic technologies. Finally, the challenges of the minimization of the systems as well as the issues related to patient risk are highlighted.