Publications

In the recent years, the use of clean energy to reduce pollution and hence to save the environment is an urgent need to keep the communities against the dangers that began to show with huge negative consequences. This paper illustrates with full details how to build DC scooter which can be used with solar cells to charge the DC batteries used to drive the scooter safely, economically and with negligible environmental effects. The old variable speed drives, had various limitations, such as poor efficiencies, larger space, lower speeds, etc., however, the development of power electronic devices such as power MOSFETs, IGBTs beside Micro-Controllers, overturned the scene completely, today we can built a variable speed drive systems with better comparable characteristics such as smaller in size, higher efficiency, more reliable and meeting all demands requirements for modern control applications. The aim of this paper is to drive a scooter, by using a Permanent Magnet DC Motor (PMDC), by using PIC16F877 microcontroller to produce variable duty cycle pulse width modulation PWM through up and down button to increase or decrease the speed with less loss and with very low price. Also we intend to control the mechanical speed, starting, braking, and 4-Quadrant directions of the used PMDC motor safely and economically to increase the half-life of the battery used and to increase the working time compared by other type of traditional controlled scooters. Also we explain the starting of the scooter with and without starting resistors to decrease the losses more and more.