Science - Course - Thermal Physics

Thermodynamic systems, isolated, closed and opened systems. Thermodynamic equilibrium, zeroth law, Temperature and Temperature scales, Pressure and Thermometry. Ideal gases. Inversion theorem and pseudo-chain rule, applications of isothermal compressibility and volume expansion coefficients. First Law, Calorimetric definition of heat, work in thermodynamic systems, Internal energy. Reversible and Irreversible processes. Work in different processes, cycles, PV systems (P-V diagrams) and magnetic systems. Heat Capacities. Adiabatic Transformations of ideal gas. Second Law, Kelvin and Clausius statements, and their equivalence. Carnot Cycle efficiency, engines, Refrigerators, Carnot Theorem and Thermodynamic Temperature scale. Clausius-Clapeyron Equation, Drinking bird and Maxwell’s Demon. Entropy, Examples: of ideal gas, free expansion, Gibbs’ Paradox. Clausius inequality, principle of increase of entropy, T-S diagrams. Third Law, with applications. Thermodynamic potentials and Maxwell’s relations. First and second Tds equations. Joule-Thompson Effect and gas liquefaction.