The OSI Model. The TCP/IP stack. Application Layer protocols. Transport Layer protocols. Network Layer protocols. Data Link Layer protocols. Frame format: character stuffing, bit stuffing. Error control. Automatic-repeat request and sliding-window protocols. Local area networks: Ethernet, token ring and FDDI, wireless LANs. Circuit switching versus packet switching. Routing and forwarding algorithms. Network Address Translation (NAT). SSH Port Forwarding/Tunneling. Pre-req.: COMP 225.